Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 240 \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=\frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {2 x (10 c+7 d x)}{81 a^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c+7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{81 \sqrt {3} a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}} \]
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Time = 0.15 (sec) , antiderivative size = 240, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.467, Rules used = {1869, 1874, 31, 648, 631, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right ) \left (7 \sqrt [3]{a} d+20 \sqrt [3]{b} c\right )}{81 \sqrt {3} a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 x (10 c+7 d x)}{81 a^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3} \]
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Rule 31
Rule 210
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 1869
Rule 1874
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}-\frac {\int \frac {-8 c-7 d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^3} \, dx}{9 a} \\ & = \frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {\int \frac {40 c+28 d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^2} \, dx}{54 a^2} \\ & = \frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {2 x (10 c+7 d x)}{81 a^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {\int \frac {-80 c-28 d x}{a+b x^3} \, dx}{162 a^3} \\ & = \frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {2 x (10 c+7 d x)}{81 a^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (-160 \sqrt [3]{b} c-28 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right )+\sqrt [3]{b} \left (80 \sqrt [3]{b} c-28 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) x}{a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{486 a^{11/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (20 c-\frac {7 \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{243 a^{11/3}} \\ & = \frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {2 x (10 c+7 d x)}{81 a^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )}+\frac {2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b}+2 b^{2/3} x}{a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (20 c+\frac {7 \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{81 a^{10/3}} \\ & = \frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {2 x (10 c+7 d x)}{81 a^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )}+\frac {2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c+7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{81 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}} \\ & = \frac {x (c+d x)}{9 a \left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {x (8 c+7 d x)}{54 a^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {2 x (10 c+7 d x)}{81 a^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c+7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{81 \sqrt {3} a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{243 a^{11/3} b^{2/3}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.20 (sec) , antiderivative size = 229, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95 \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=\frac {\frac {54 a^3 x (c+d x)}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^3}+\frac {9 a^2 x (8 c+7 d x)}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^2}+\frac {12 a x (10 c+7 d x)}{a+b x^3}-\frac {4 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a} \left (20 \sqrt [3]{b} c+7 \sqrt [3]{a} d\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{b^{2/3}}+\frac {4 \left (20 \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} c-7 a^{2/3} d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 \left (-20 \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} c+7 a^{2/3} d\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{b^{2/3}}}{486 a^4} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 9.84 (sec) , antiderivative size = 110, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.46
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\frac {14 d \,b^{2} x^{8}}{81 a^{3}}+\frac {20 c \,b^{2} x^{7}}{81 a^{3}}+\frac {77 b d \,x^{5}}{162 a^{2}}+\frac {52 b c \,x^{4}}{81 a^{2}}+\frac {67 d \,x^{2}}{162 a}+\frac {41 c x}{81 a}}{\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{3}}+\frac {2 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (7 \textit {\_R} d +20 c \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{2}}\right )}{243 a^{3} b}\) | \(110\) |
default | \(c \left (\frac {x}{9 a \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{3}}+\frac {\frac {4 x}{27 a \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}}+\frac {8 \left (\frac {5 x}{18 a \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )}+\frac {5 \left (\frac {2 \ln \left (x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{9 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}-\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{9 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}-1\right )}{3}\right )}{9 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}\right )}{6 a}\right )}{9 a}}{a}\right )+d \left (\frac {x^{2}}{9 a \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{3}}+\frac {\frac {7 x^{2}}{54 a \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}}+\frac {7 \left (\frac {2 x^{2}}{9 a \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )}+\frac {2 \left (-\frac {\ln \left (x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}-1\right )}{3}\right )}{3 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{9 a}\right )}{9 a}}{a}\right )\) | \(318\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.94 (sec) , antiderivative size = 2308, normalized size of antiderivative = 9.62 \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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Time = 0.71 (sec) , antiderivative size = 185, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.77 \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (14348907 t^{3} a^{11} b^{2} + 408240 t a^{4} b c d + 2744 a d^{3} - 64000 b c^{3}, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (x + \frac {413343 t^{2} a^{8} b d + 194400 t a^{4} b c^{2} + 7840 a c d^{2}}{1372 a d^{3} + 32000 b c^{3}} \right )} \right )\right )} + \frac {82 a^{2} c x + 67 a^{2} d x^{2} + 104 a b c x^{4} + 77 a b d x^{5} + 40 b^{2} c x^{7} + 28 b^{2} d x^{8}}{162 a^{6} + 486 a^{5} b x^{3} + 486 a^{4} b^{2} x^{6} + 162 a^{3} b^{3} x^{9}} \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 238, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.99 \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=\frac {28 \, b^{2} d x^{8} + 40 \, b^{2} c x^{7} + 77 \, a b d x^{5} + 104 \, a b c x^{4} + 67 \, a^{2} d x^{2} + 82 \, a^{2} c x}{162 \, {\left (a^{3} b^{3} x^{9} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} x^{6} + 3 \, a^{5} b x^{3} + a^{6}\right )}} + \frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (7 \, d \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + 20 \, c\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{243 \, a^{3} b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} + \frac {{\left (7 \, d \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} - 20 \, c\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{243 \, a^{3} b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} - \frac {2 \, {\left (7 \, d \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} - 20 \, c\right )} \log \left (x + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{243 \, a^{3} b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 218, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.91 \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (20 \, b c - 7 \, \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} d\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{243 \, \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} a^{3}} - \frac {{\left (20 \, b c + 7 \, \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} d\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{243 \, \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} a^{3}} - \frac {2 \, {\left (7 \, d \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + 20 \, c\right )} \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left ({\left | x - \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \right |}\right )}{243 \, a^{4}} + \frac {28 \, b^{2} d x^{8} + 40 \, b^{2} c x^{7} + 77 \, a b d x^{5} + 104 \, a b c x^{4} + 67 \, a^{2} d x^{2} + 82 \, a^{2} c x}{162 \, {\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}^{3} a^{3}} \]
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Time = 9.34 (sec) , antiderivative size = 241, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {c+d x}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^4} \, dx=\left (\sum _{k=1}^3\ln \left (\frac {b\,\left (560\,c\,d+196\,d^2\,x+{\mathrm {root}\left (14348907\,a^{11}\,b^2\,z^3+408240\,a^4\,b\,c\,d\,z-64000\,b\,c^3+2744\,a\,d^3,z,k\right )}^2\,a^7\,b\,59049+\mathrm {root}\left (14348907\,a^{11}\,b^2\,z^3+408240\,a^4\,b\,c\,d\,z-64000\,b\,c^3+2744\,a\,d^3,z,k\right )\,a^3\,b\,c\,x\,9720\right )}{a^6\,6561}\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (14348907\,a^{11}\,b^2\,z^3+408240\,a^4\,b\,c\,d\,z-64000\,b\,c^3+2744\,a\,d^3,z,k\right )\right )+\frac {\frac {67\,d\,x^2}{162\,a}+\frac {41\,c\,x}{81\,a}+\frac {20\,b^2\,c\,x^7}{81\,a^3}+\frac {14\,b^2\,d\,x^8}{81\,a^3}+\frac {52\,b\,c\,x^4}{81\,a^2}+\frac {77\,b\,d\,x^5}{162\,a^2}}{a^3+3\,a^2\,b\,x^3+3\,a\,b^2\,x^6+b^3\,x^9} \]
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